The CSense advanced process control (APC) solution's main objective was to improve the stability of the pH in the first stage leach process thereby improving nickel and iron extraction efficiencies and reducing the base metal (BM) content in the platinum group metals (PGM) concentrate. By improving the stability of the control of the pH on the first stage leach it had the corresponding effect of improving the Ni extraction efficiency by 0.5% and the Fe extraction efficiency by 3.3%. The system relieved the operators of many decisions that were virtually impossible to make given the complex, variable and real-time nature of the processes in their charge. On the operational side, the operators understand the APC system and they trust it. Another benefit is the reduction in pH peaks in the autoclave, which can oxidize certain elements whereby they become difficult, if not impossible, to leach. These elements go right through the process and end up contaminating the PGM solids, with the result that the entire batch has to be recycled through a lengthy and costly processing pipeline.
- foundations of problem solving and system modeling, discrete event systems- properties of processes, modeling using automata and Petri-nets- design considerations for processes (mutex, deadlock avoidance, liveness)- optimal scheduling for processes- optimal decisions when planning manufacturing systems, decisions under uncertainty- software design and software architectures for automation, PLCs
process dynamics modeling and control solutions ogunnaike
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Students will be able to prepare mathematical equations for material transport in porous and solution-diffusion membranes and calculate key parameters in the membrane separation process. They will be able to handle technical membrane processes using available boundary data and provide recommendations for the sequence of different treatment processes. Through their own experiments, students will be able to classify the separation efficiency, filtration characteristics and application of different membrane materials. Students will be able to characterise the formation of the fouling layer in different waters and apply technical measures to control this. 2ff7e9595c
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